what is the material used for automobile engine body, crank shaft, piston , piston rod?

material used for engine body & all its parts for engines in cars & bikes.

Auto bodies:
Some, such as Audi and Jaguar are now using aluminium (5xxx series alloys).
Steel is still the main metal with a mixture of HSLA steel (high stength, low alloy), TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) and rephosophorised types – these are almost exclusively galvanised or galvanealed.

Crank shaft (car and bike)
These tend to be forged from low alloy chromium-molybdenum steel (sometimes chromium-moly-vanadium).
Some of these will be nitrided to improve fatigue resistance (depends on manufacturer).

Piston
This is a tricky one. There has been a move towards piston crowns being made of hyper-eutectic aluminium-silicon alloys for petrol (gasoline) engines. While some diesels have aluminium crowns (with oil injection underneath to keep the crown cool), some are still based on low alloy steel.
Bike engines are almost exclusively aluminium as the high engine speeds requires a low reciprocating mass.

Con-rods
With the exception of the ultra-trick titanium rods on some very highly stressed engines (bike racing mainly), these are also low alloy steels of the same type as the crank.

By the way, cylinder blocks are nearly all aluminium now. BMW have developed a magnesium block with a seperate cast-in aluminium cylinder casting.
Ford, Toyota, Peugeot/Citreon, Land-Rover all use cast iron cylinder liners in an aluminium block (some pushed in, some cast in).
BMW and VAG use aluminium liners in (mainly) aluminium blocks.

Fine Line Auto Body – Columbus, OH

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