Scientists are increasingly concerned with both long and short term effects of air pollution.
The short term effects include eye, nose and throat irritations, headaches, nausea and respiratory infections. Among the long-term illnesses related to air pollution are the lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease.

Air pollution is not new. In 1273 King Edward 1 enacted a law prohibiting the burning of a certain type of coal. It was a crime punishable by death and offenders risk losing their heads.

Today, industries and automobiles are the main sources of air pollution. This contamination, which hangs over urban areas, is called smog. Automobiles contribute 1 / 3 of pollutants into our air. Primary pollutants emitted from automobiles are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and VOCs (compounds volatile).

When ejected from automobile exhaust, the exhaust gas is combined with air and sunlight to produce ground level ozone. The ozone reacts with exhaust, smog formation.

In 1998, according to statistics compiled by the Department of Transportation and the U.S., Americans drove 2.6 trillion miles. Miles of passenger vehicles accounted for over 90% of total mileage.

Today, in the United States, emissions vehicles are regulated by the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Since automobile exhaust is the main source of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, vehicles must be equipped with emission reduction devices such as converters catalytic. The catalytic converter of a material that produces a chemical reaction, changing the exhaust emissions less harmful.

However reduce emissions of these devices, but not totally eliminate them. The current goal is to have zero emission vehicles, a vehicle, which has no exhaust emissions, no emission control systems capable of breaking down and no gas emissions.
Several states have adopted programs of zero emission vehicles, which require vehicles sold in the future the state VEC.

Major car manufacturers are now developing ZEV, such as electric vehicles, vehicles and hydrogen fuel. The programs also include partial zero emission vehicles like hybrid cars and methanol fuel cars battery power.

The internal combustion engine that is used in most vehicles is only ten percent efficiency.
The design engine has been little change since 1900. And since gasoline prices were low for many years, there was not much demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and low motivation to waive the gasoline internal combustion engine.

By contrast, fuel cells powered by hydrogen are about 60% are efficient and clean release. Our spacecraft have been powered by fuel cells for many years. The price of gasoline has risen astronomically, creating a climate for radical change.

Hybrid vehicles are appearing on the market. Although these cards use a small gasoline engine, are also equipped with an electric motor for extra power when needed.

Electric vehicles are also available and manufacturers are working on advanced batteries. Vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel are at the stage of development. Incentives are being offered by administrations State and municipal governments to promote the use of these alternative vehicles. For example, the city of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power offers rebates on electricity use to recharge electric vehicles.

As fuel prices rise and the problem of contamination increases, the automotive industry is now addresses the development of alternative vehicles, the car of our future may differ significantly from the cars we have now.

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – The Automobile of the Future

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