Automobile Labor Times
Does the example of the automobile sector in East Germany in the 80′s disprove the Labour Theory of Value?
During this time, cars produced from many auto firms actually had a lower market value than the raw steel used to make them. That is, adding labour to the inputs actually subtracted value, rather than adding it.
It doesn’t disprove anything because it was not a free market system and prices could be artificially manipulated. In a free market system an auto manufacturer would stop making cars if they could not sell them for more thant the cost of materials, labor, and overhead.
That would have been an interesting time to live in. You could make money by buying a car from the dealership and driving it to the steel mill to sell for scrap. Something tells me it didn’t actually work like that.
Automotive Mechanical Estimating How To make repair estimates
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Labor Cost $10.36 Labor Cost |
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Car Paint Pen-Automobile Scratches Mending-Touch Up-COLOR TOUCH For VW-Audi LY7W-Bright Silver $4.99 HighlightConvenient, Efficient, Easy-using.This paint pen is special for your automobile, making your beloved car shiny anytime.With it, you don’t have to be concerned for the scratches any more. It can easily paint scratches in car or decorate the car any time any where. It’s a more substantial and convenient choice rather than sending your car to automobile repair store. FeaturesHow To Use:Color Contrast: Contrast the color card with the door crack and choose paint pen which has the same color with the auto body.Cleaning: Clean the scratching with sandpaper to remove oils dirt,wax,and rust,etc.Shaking: Shake and make it mixed fully before using(rock about 45-50 times).Painting: It’s better to cover the paint with tapes above and below, repeat brushing with the brush in the bottle until the paint surface is thick enough. Use the nib to paint Use the brush to paintWater-milling: Use No.2000 wearable water sandpapers after 2-3 days,smooth the protuberant part gently by dipping the water.Polishing wax: Polishing with coarse wax and waxing with fine wax (Crystal wax), making it shiny as before. |
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Car Paint Pen-Automobile Scratches Mending-Touch Up-COLOR TOUCH For VW-Audi-Pure Black $4.99 HighlightConvenient, Efficient, Easy-using.This paint pen is special for your automobile, making your beloved car shiny anytime.With it, you don’t have to be concerned for the scratches any more. It can easily paint scratches in car or decorate the car any time any where. It’s a more substantial and convenient choice rather than sending your car to automobile repair store. FeaturesHow To Use:Color Contrast: Contrast the color card with the door crack and choose paint pen which has the same color with the auto body.Cleaning: Clean the scratching with sandpaper to remove oils dirt,wax,and rust,etc.Shaking: Shake and make it mixed fully before using(rock about 45-50 times).Painting: It’s better to cover the paint with tapes above and below, repeat brushing with the brush in the bottle until the paint surface is thick enough. Use the nib to paint Use the brush to paintWater-milling: Use No.2000 wearable water sandpapers after 2-3 days,smooth the protuberant part gently by dipping the water.Polishing wax: Polishing with coarse wax and waxing with fine wax (Crystal wax), making it shiny as before. |
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Car Paint Pen-Automobile Scratches Mending-Touch Up-COLOR TOUCH For VW-Audi-Magic Black $4.99 HighlightConvenient, Efficient, Easy-using.This paint pen is special for your automobile, making your beloved car shiny anytime.With it, you don’t have to be concerned for the scratches any more. It can easily paint scratches in car or decorate the car any time any where. It’s a more substantial and convenient choice rather than sending your car to automobile repair store. FeaturesHow To Use:Color Contrast: Contrast the color card with the door crack and choose paint pen which has the same color with the auto body.Cleaning: Clean the scratching with sandpaper to remove oils dirt,wax,and rust,etc.Shaking: Shake and make it mixed fully before using(rock about 45-50 times).Painting: It’s better to cover the paint with tapes above and below, repeat brushing with the brush in the bottle until the paint surface is thick enough. Use the nib to paint Use the brush to paintWater-milling: Use No.2000 wearable water sandpapers after 2-3 days,smooth the protuberant part gently by dipping the water.Polishing wax: Polishing with coarse wax and waxing with fine wax (Crystal wax), making it shiny as before. |
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